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Frequently Asked Questions
 
What is LANGUAGE!?
LANGUAGE! The Comprehensive Literacy Curriculum accelerates literacy learning for students who are two or more years below grade level in reading and writing. The systematic, cumulative, and explicit instruction has been proven to increase skill levels of students who struggle the most. The curriculum:
interweaves instruction in six key literacy strands for "connected" learning.

 
meets the needs of students who are two or more years below grade level, including non-readers and English Language Learners.
motivates and engages students with quality literature.
fosters successful implementation with high-quality professional development.
 
How is instruction delivered?

LANGUAGE! instruction is highly motivational, interactive and multi-sensory. Explicit instruction guides the teachers and students through the six literacy strands in every lesson, always maintaining focus on fluency and comprehension.

The six literacy strands are:
Phonemic Awareness and Phonics
Word Recognition and Spelling
Vocabulary and Morphology
Grammar and Usage
Reading Comprehension and Listening
Writing and Speaking

The instructional model uses the "I do, we do, you do" approach—with teacher modeling, guided practice, and independent practice. Some of the instructional features include:

Simple to complex content and skill development
Repetition of key content within and across lesson
Practice on critical skills for automaticity, reinforcement, and application
 
How do we know which students to place into LANGUAGE!?
All students identified as "basic" and "below basic" according to can be administered the LANGUAGE! placement assessment. This assessment is group-administered and can be completed in one class period. It measures comprehension, fluency, and spelling proficiency. The results of this assessment:

 
determine at which entry point (A,C or E) the students enter the curriculum for the most appropriate level of instruction.
determine if students "place out" of LANGUAGE!.
provide a baseline measure of student skills.
inform instructional pacing.
 
How do we monitor progress?
Once students are placed into the curriculum, LANGUAGE! provides a comprehensive assessment system which gives teachers the timely information they need to make data-driven instructional decisions to help students achieve their goals.

LANGUAGE! includes the three types of assessment.

Placement Tests: Placement Assessment — Results of the three placement tests guide teachers regarding placement of students in the curriculum. The entry point is based on their current functioning rather than grade level designation. These tests also provide teachers with a baseline measure of students' skills against which to track students' growth throughout the curriculum.

Ongoing/Formative Assessment — Content Mastery and fluency tasks in each unit assess students' mastery of the content, concepts, and skills taught in the curriculum. This performance information informs pacing and differentiation.

Summative Assessment: Summative Tests and Progress Indicators — Given at the end of each book, Summative Tests provide each student's overall mastery of curriculum content. Progress Indicators monitor growth in critical literacy skills. These tests are similar to the placement tests and are designed to track overall student progress.

 
How does the data generated from the assessments inform instruction?

LANGUAGE! explicitly guides teachers in using data to inform instruction. Based on the data from the ongoing assessment, teachers are provided with "If/Then Boxes"; essentially, these boxes direct teachers to specific intervention supports based on student mastery of content (for example, "If a student scores below 80%, then they would benefit from completing the Sortegories exercise for the unit").

Differentiation supports embedded in the curriculum include:

 
Sortegories: Computer-based, interactive practice activities that focus on vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension
Words for Teachers: Generates customized practice sheets for addition support
eReader: Text-to-speech software to reinforce literature
Reteaching and Reinforcement activities
 
Does this curriculum have quality literature?

The reading selections in LANGUAGE! are engaging, age-appropriate, skill-level appropriate, and they relate directly to all literacy strands being concurrently taught in the curriculum. The topics of the text selections are interesting and current—covering topics that are of interest to students, the curriculum includes reading selections with content such as, athletics, technology, art, and pop culture. Additionally, the readability levels range from PreK to grade 10. The further a student moves in the curriculum, the more the readability value increases.

In each unit of the curriculum, the selections are organized into three levels of text:
Decodable/Independent Text: 100% decodable to increase fluency and confidence

 
 
Instructional Text: More challenging than the decodable text, this level of text models different text structures, provides a context for vocabulary development, and provides a context for response to literature

 
 
Challenge Text: The most difficult level of text, this text exposes students to various genres of literature, broadens vocabulary, and provides opportunities for development of higher-level thinking

The curriculum includes text selections in multiple genres (plays, poems, articles, letters, fiction, nonfiction, biography, and so forth).

Additionally, the selections begin with a strong emphasis in nonfiction and move to a heavier emphasis in fiction. In LANGUAGE!, students are exposed to key literature that is grade-level appropriate such as selections from House on Mango Street, Don Quixote, and The Tell-Tale Heart, along with poetry by William Wordsworth, Emily Dickinson, and Robert Frost.

 
Does this curriculum make content-area connections?
LANGUAGE! builds background knowledge in the content areas in various ways.

The content of several of the text selections relates to the content areas with many informational texts that are centered on science, geography, history, mathematics, and art.

Explicitly teaches many strategies for increasing vocabulary development across the content-areas. Vocabulary is taught:
within the context of text using context clues.
through examining the multiple meanings of words, definitions, and word relationships.

 
Through morphology—students are taught how to examine word parts and to identify word.

Students are taught multiple strategies for comprehending text—predicting, questioning, connecting, making inferences, note taking, and so forth. These strategies can be generalized across the content areas and they increase students' abilities to think critically and analyze a text for meaning.

LANGUAGE! includes the Words for Teachers CD-ROM. This instructional support tool gives teachers access to more than 33,000 decodable words in the curriculum. The words can be selected, sorted, and printed as activity worksheets, allowing teachers to create practice opportunities and customize instruction to focus on content-area words.

 
How does LANGUAGE! Focus on English Learning support English Language Learners?
LANGUAGE! offers multiple modes of differentiated instruction to promote the language acquisition of English learners. Beginning with newcomers who possess virtually no English skills, the goal of the curriculum is to bring English learners to full fluency in spoken and written English simultaneously. In the core LANGUAGE! curriculum, differentiated instruction for English learners is supported in various ways. These include:


 
 
The Visual Vocabulary section that appears in the Student Text for Books A and B. This resource promotes vocabulary acquisition, including sentences that offer examples of proper usage.

 
 
 
 
 
Focus on Academic Language lessons. Detailed lesson plans guide practice of accurate phonemic production in English, English intonation, correct use of articles and other points of grammar, common and idiomatic expressions, and many other skills that are vital in spoken and written English. These lesson plans appear in each unit, and are noted in the Focus on Academic Language chart as part of each unit's Planning and Pacing Guides.

 
 
 
 
Special Instructional Support and Homework charts in the Planning and Pacing Guides for each unit. These charts point out specific exercises and activities for any student who needs extra practice, drawing from the Why Do/How To activities and materials on the various technology tools (Sortegories CD, eReader CD, Words for Teachers CD, and Instructional Planning Tools).

 
 
 
 
 
 
Contrastive Analyses in the back of each teacher edition. These charts point out points of phonological, morphological, orthographic, and syntactic variation requiring particular attention when teaching English learners. Ten languages are contrasted with English: Chinese (Cantonese, Mandarin, Wu, and other dialects), Haitian Creole, Hmong, Khmer (Cambodian), Korean, Pilipino (Tagalog), Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, and Vietnamese. Lessons that practice the point of difference are noted in each Contrastive Analysis.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Everyday English for Newcomers to English For students with essentially no English skills, LANGUAGE! Everyday English for Newcomers to English is available as a separate program. Each week of this six-week course is built around a common scenario—School, Home, Neighborhood, Grocery Store, The Mall, and My Day. Everyday English for Newcomers to English provides an entry point for newcomers by:

increasing their oral fluency
introducing them to the sounds of the English language
strengthening their use of everyday words and phrases
fostering their knowledge of core vocabulary
presenting key characteristics of how English works
practicing common exchanges of spoken English.

The teacher edition for Everyday English for Newcomers to English uses the same step-by-step process as the core LANGUAGE! curriculum. This structure not only ensures students a foundation of basic English, but also prepares them for advancing into the regular LANGUAGE! classroom.

 
How will our teachers be supported? Our coaches? Our administrators?
LANGUAGE! provides a comprehensive intervention model for teachers, coaches, and administrators. The professional development model includes initial training for teachers, coaches and administrators, customized follow-up training and site visits for teachers, coaches, and administrators and training of trainers to build local capacity.
 
How long does it take to implement? What is the recommended teacher to student ratio?
Although LANGUAGE! can be taught in 45-minute class periods, we recommend 90-minute instructional blocks. By allowing 12 days per unit, students will complete 2-3 book levels per year, making this a 1-3 year intervention. The recommended student to teacher ratio is 15-20 students per teacher.
 
Is there proof that this curriculum works?
Across the nation, LANGUAGE! students are performing at accelerated rates—making significant gains in comprehension and fluency. Results are available for districts with similar size and demographics of St. Louis, such as Lee County, Florida. In Lee County, all subgroups of students made significant gains and outperformed the state average. Additionally, approximately one quarter of the students moved into the proficient range after the first year of implementation.